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The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) pertains to patients' subjective contentment concerning their physical, psychological, and social well-being throughout disease treatments. Predominantly employed HRQoL metrics in spinal metastases comprise the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), EuroQoL Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). In clinical applications, due to their broad application and diverse disease types, combined with the lack of specificity in the scale content and the prolixity of their questionnaires, these tools often fail to capture the nuanced experiences of patients, thereby compromising the reliability and validity of the results. The Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ), developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group, offers a tailored metric for spinal metastases, encapsulating both specificity and inclusivity. Its proven robust reliability and validity make it invaluable for decision-making and therapeutic efficacy appraisals. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), a novel metric suitable across many medical disciplines, facilitates cross-sector data acquisition, substantially augmenting the precision, sensitivity, and credibilityof assessments, and is pivotal in clinical investigations and interventions. As it continually evolves, PROMIS consistently outperforms traditional metrics in evaluative capacities, exhibiting impressive and consistent proficiency in prognostications, preoperative assessments, and therapeutic outcome evaluations within the spinal metastasis domain. Presently, Chinese research on the HRQoL of spinal metastasis patients remains scant, and choosing an apt, precise, and dependable metric holds significant clinical relevance. Drawing upon extant scholarly publications, this review concluded the current global HRQoL tools for spinal metastases, aiming to furnish insights for the clinical management and research pertaining to spinal metastases.
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BACKGROUND@#To illustrate the research framework, overall knowledge structure, and development trends of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) by using a bibliometric analysis and newly developed visualization tools.@*METHODS@#Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science (WOS) database from January 1, 1980 to September 30, 2019. VOS viewer and Citespace software was used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, distribution of institutes, distribution of journals, citation and H-index status, co-authorship status, research hotspots and co-citation status were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 223 publications in the WOS database met the requirement. The number of published articles showed a rise but the citation frequency and the H-index of China were relatively low. The cooperation between the countries, institutes and authors were relatively weak. Most publications were basic researches. Most of the previous researches focused on basic mechanisms of CM in treating OS, and therapy and improvement of dosage form may become a frontier in this research field.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with other fields, the field of CM treatment for osteosarcome is still in infancy. The distribution of researches is imbalanced and cooperation between countries, institutions and authors remains to be strengthened. Furthermore, basic research occupies an absolute dominant position, and the exploration of the molecular mechanism of CM in preventing and treating OS may become a key point in the future.
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Humans , Bibliometrics , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Osteosarcoma/therapy , PublicationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a simple and reliable model of cervical vertigo in rats with hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome, and to establish a simple and feasible method for evaluating the degree of vertigo in animals.@*METHODS@#SPF male SD rats (aged 8 weeks, weighing 280 to 320 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 rats in each group). The model of cervical vertigo of hyperactivity of liver yang syndrome (joint modeling group) was established by combining local injection of lauromacrogol (hardener) and receiving decoction by gavage. The joint modeling group was compared with the hardener group, the decoction group and the blank control group. The vertigo degree of rats was measured by the time of passing through a glass tube (running time) before modeling, 2 weeks and 3 weeks after the established model.@*RESULTS@#There was no statistical difference in the running time between control group and decoction group, between joint modeling group and hardener group. The running time in the hardener group and the joint modeling group was longer than that in the control group (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This method can effectively establish a rat model of cervical vertigo with hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome, and the running time can reflect the degree of vertigo in rats to a certain extent. This experiment provides a simple and feasible animal model and detection method for research of cervical vertigo in the future.
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The authors summarize Professor SHI Qi's clinical experience in diagnosing and treating chronic tendon and bone disease.The specific diagnosing and treating thinking and methods could be summarized as follows:1)Three stages,which means chronic tendon and bone disease could be treated according to early,medium and late stages.2) Three differentiations,which include differentiating disease,type and syndrome.3) Three examining,which include seeing patient clearly,reading the disease and getting the key point.In addition,Prof.SHI emphasizes threepoint syndrome differentiation which means the combination of the lesion's target,peri-target and whole syndrome characteristics differentiation.In the process of treatment,Prof.SHI emphasizes three methods combination of herb,technique and breathing technique.Both internal and external treatments should be used.Prof.SHI advocates that the control strategy should be the prevention,treatment and recuperation integration concept,including preventing disease,early treatment to prevent deterioration and preventing reoccurrence after cure.
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Objective To observe the real-time and short-term therapeutic efficacies of fire-needle acupuncture and warm needling in treating cervical vertigo due to upward disturbance of phlegm-turbidity, and compare the two treatment methods. Method Eighty-four patients with cervical vertigo due to upward disturbance of phlegm-turbidity were randomized into a fire-needle acupuncture group and a warm needling group, 42 cases in each group. The two groups received treatment once a day, respectively for 10 sessions. The symptoms, functions and total score were evaluated by adopting the modified Cervical Vertigo Symptoms and Functions Assessment Scale before the second treatment session and after 10 treatment sessions; the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on the traditional Chinese medicine symptoms scale. Result The scores after 10 treatment sessions were significantly different from that before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05);before the 2nd treatment session, the improvements of the symptoms and total scores in the fire-needle acupuncture group were more significant than that in the warm needling group (P<0.05);after 10 sessions, there were significant differences in comparing the symptoms, functions and total scores between the two groups (P<0.05);the clinical control rate was 26.2%and total effective rate was 95.2%in the fire-needle acupuncture group, versus 9.5%and 90.5%in the warm needling group, and there was a significant difference in comparing the therapeutic efficacy between the two groups. Conclusion Fire-needle acupuncture and warm needling both are effective in treating cervical vertigo due to upward disturbance of phlegm-turbidity, while fire-needle acupuncture can improve the vertigo symptoms in a real-time manner, and its short-term therapeutic efficacy is also superior to that of warm needling.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of pricking anti-Ashi points with fire needles in treating acute lumbar sprain.Method Seventy-six patients with acute lumbar sprain were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 38 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by pricking anti-Ashi points with fire needles, while the control group was by warm needling. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Roland-Morris Dysfunction Questionnaire (RMDQ) were adopted to evaluate lumbar pain and dysfunction after 1-day and 5-day treatment, and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result Respectively after the first treatment session and 5 treatment sessions, the VAS and RMDQ scores were significantly changed in both groups (P<0.01). Respectively after the first treatment session and 5 treatment sessions, the VAS and RMDQ scores in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate and recovery rate were respectively 94.7% and 63.2% in the treatment group, versus 86.8% and 42.1% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion Pricking anti-Ashi points with fire needles is an effective method in treating acute lumbar sprain, and it can produce a significant real-time analgesic effect.
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Objective To observe and compare the clinical efficacies between electroacupuncture and warm needling in treating low back pain.Method Seventy-eight eligible low back pain patients were randomized into group A of 28 cases, group B of 26 cases, and group C of 24 cases. Group A was intervened by electroacupuncture, group B was by warm needling, and group C was by medication. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA), and Oswestry Disability Index were observed before and after treatment, and the therapeutic efficacies were compared.Result In group A, the McGill item scores [Sensory Pain Rating Index (S-PRI), Affective Pain Rating Index (A-PRI)] respectively after 1-week and 2-week treatment as well as in the 1-month and 3-month follow-up were significantly different from that before treatment (P<0.01,P<0.05). In group B and C, the McGill item scores after 2-week treatment and in the 1-month and 3-month follow-up were significantly different from that before treatment in the same group (P<0.01,P<0.05). The JOA and Oswestry scores were significantly changed respectively after 1-week and 2-week treatment and in the 1-month and 3-month follow-up in the three groups compared with that before treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). After 1-week and 2-week treatment and in the 1-month and 3-month follow-up, the JOA and Oswestry scores in group A were significantly different from that in group C (P<0.05,P<0.01). In the 1-month and 3-month follow-up, the JOA scores in group B were significantly different from that in group C (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 85.7% in group A and 73.1% in group B, both significantly higher than 58.3% in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture and warm needling both can produce a significant efficacy in treating low back pain, but warm needling acts comparatively slowly and is less safe.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the role of NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).@*METHODS@#A total of 36 patients with RA were selected, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and granulocyte were separated from venous blood. RT-qPCR method was used to detect the expression level and diversity of NLRP3 and NLRP1 in PBMC and granulocyte mRNA in patients with RA, and detect the mRNA expression of downstream factor IL-1α. The correlation between RA and the expression of NLRP3 and NLRP1 was analyzed. Normal 30 cases were set as control group.@*RESULTS@#Expression levels of NLRP1, and caspase-1 mRNA in PBMC of RA group were significantly lower than those of control group (P0.05); NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC mRNA expression in granulocyte of RA patients were significantly lower than those in control group (P0.05); NLRP1, IL-1α mRNA expression level had a negative correlation with anti-rheumatoid factor antibody (P=0.033 2, 0.034 0).@*CONCLUSIONS@#NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes signaling pathways are involved in RA inflammatory reaction process as protective factors, and play an important role in RA inflammatory mechanisms.
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Objective To explore whether TNF-α involves in the modulation of Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) expression in bronchial epithelial cells.Methods The bronchial epithelial cell lines 16HBE cells were stimulated with different concentration (0.00,0.05,0.50,5.00,20.00 μg/L) of TNF-α for 48 hours,and CysLT1 mRNA in 16HBE cells was measured by reverse transcription(RT)-PCR.CysLT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results 16HBE cells did not express CysLT1,after the cells were treated with TNF-α,obvious expression of CysLT1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.The weak CysLT1 mRNA expression was observed by RT-PCR in 16HBE cells,and after the cells were treated with TNF-α for 48 hours,CysLT1 mRNA expression were upregulated.When the concentrations of TNF-α were 0.00,0.05,0.50,5.00,and 20.00 μg/L respectively,the relative intensities of CysLT1 mRNA/β-actin were 0.048,0.105,0.177,0.182,0.495,respectively.Conclusions TNF-α can upregulate CysLT1 mRNA expression in 16HBE ceils in a dose-dependent manner.When infected by virus,respiratory tract produces abundant TNF-α.The TNF-α can upregulate the expression of CysLT1 in epithelial cells,enhance inflammation reaction in respiratory tract.This may explain partially the mechanism of exacerbation of asthma induced by respiratory tract infection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the activation of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on passively sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) proliferation and the synthesis and secretion function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through the cultivation of primary HASMCs, we studied TLR4 expression on cell surface, cell proliferation and transformation of parturient factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in asthma under the condition of synthesis and secretion level by passively sensitized HASMCs with asthma serum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, in passive sensitized group and TNF-alpha group TLR4 expression were significantly increased (P < 0.01), significantly enhanced proliferation (P < 0.01), total protein concentration, IgE secretion and TGF-beta1 were significantly higher (P < 0.01); and all the above parameters were increased more significantly in TNF group compared with those in the target effect of passively group; and those parameters were significantly reduced in anti-TLR4 antibody group compared with those in the target effect both of passively sensitized group and TNF-alpha group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR4 on passively sensitized HASMCs activated can induce the excessive proliferation of HASMCs and a large number of synthesis and secretion of TGF-beta1, resulting in changing airway micro-environment, which involved in airway remodeling in asthma.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Airway Remodeling , Asthma , Metabolism , Pathology , Bronchi , Cell Biology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Allergy and Immunology , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on airway inflammation, airway remodeling and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in asthmatic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four SPF level SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): control group, low dose of LPS group, high dose of LPS group and asthma group. Using ovalbumin (OVA) to sensitize and challenge to establish asthmatic rat model. Observed pathological changes of lung tissue by HE staining, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed by airway wall eosinophils (EOS) counts; airway resistance was determined; image analysis software was used to determine the thickness of airway wall, detected airway smooth muscle TLR4 expression levels by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rat airway resistance and the EOS number of airway wall and the thickness of airway wall in asthma group, low dose of LPS group and high dose of LPS group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned parameters of high dose of LPS group showed significantly lower than those in asthma group and low dose of LPS group (P < 0.05). The expression of rat airway smooth muscle TLR4 mRNA in low dose of LPS group and high dose of LPS group were significantly higher than those in asthma group (P < 0.01). And the expression of rat airway smooth muscle TLR4 mRNA in high dose of LPS group was significantly higher than that in low dose of LPS group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR4 plays an important role in asthmatic airway inflammation and airway remodeling, LPS may play double-sided regulation in asthmatic airway inflammation and airway remodeling by activated TLR4.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Airway Remodeling , Asthma , Metabolism , Pathology , Inflammation , Metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Pharmacology , Lung , Metabolism , Muscle, Smooth , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study was aimed to observe the natural history and evolution of cervical spondylotic myelopa-thy , explore development law of the disease incidence in order to improve the understanding of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and provide a theoretical basis for Chinese medicine treatment . Complete clinical data of 80 cervical spondylotic myelopathy cases were collected from March 1998 to July 2007 in special and ex-pert practice of Prof . Shi's out-patient department . Chinese medicine for q i-blood regulation was given in the treatment . Related measuring scales were designed . More than two-month follow-up was given through means of returning visit, telephone calls and letter inquiries. Changes of clinical symptoms, and scores of different types of evaluations were observed . The SPSS software was used in the data analysis of results from measuring scales for the objective evaluation . The results showed that there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between initial visiting and first time follow-up ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It suggested that through Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment, the scores on spinal cord function were increased compared with the previous visiting . For patients who continued long-term Chinese medicine q i-blood regulation treat-ment, there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It suggested that through continued long-term Chinese medicine q i-blood regulation treatment , the scores on spinal cord function were increased compared with the previous visit-ing . In this group of patients , there were no statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score be-tween the patient's initial visiting , first time follow-up , and the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up . The scores on spinal cord function suggested that there was no obvious difference on the relieving degree between the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up . For patients who were unable to continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment, no matter if it was full score on the spinal cord function in the first-time follow-up , there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between the first-time and second-time follow-up . It suggested that the disease became worse when patients were unable to continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment. It was concluded that Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy has a significant effect in both short-term and long-term treatment with steady effectiveness. Patients who continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment not only can prevent disease recurrence , but also can promote further relieving of disease condition .
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This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of Chinese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation with qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method. The randomized con-trolled trial (RCT) was applied in the study to evaluate the clinical effect of qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation . A total of 122 lumbar disc herniation pa-tients were randomly divided into the treatment group ( n = 61 ) and the control group ( n = 61 ) . Chinese medicine treatment with the qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method was applied in the treatment group . And Celecoxib and Methycobal were orally administered in the control group . Then , the VAS scores, JOA scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded and analyzed pre-treatment, four weeks af-ter treatment and the twelfth week of follow-up in order to evaluate the clinical effect . Adverse reactions were also observed and recorded at the same time to give a comprehensive evaluation on its safety . The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatment group and control group in the baseline data before treatment . Hence , data from two groups were comparable . Compared with pre-treatment , the VAS scores and ODI scores were obviously reduced in both groups after four-week treatment . The JOA scores were increased obviously ( P both groups . There were no statistical differences between two groups . There were no statistical differences on the total effective rate between two groups . In the treatment group , four patients received surgery , four cases lost to follow-up , and four cases with mild adverse event . In the control group , six patients received surgery , three cases lost to follow-up , and two cases with mild adverse event . It was concluded that the RCT of Chi-nese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation with q i-tonifying , stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method received same clinical effect as the combination of Celecoxib and Methycobal . The Chinese medicine treatment can effectively relieve pain degree of lumbar disc herniation , improve function of the lumbar vertebrae and improve the daily life and social activity ability of patients. The short-term follow-up effects were con-firmed . However , the long-term efficacy still requires further study .
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This study was aimed to discuss traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in order to figure out the relation of BMD T-Score to the TCM syndrome of kidney-deficiency, qi-deficiency , and blood-stasis . It may provide the scientific basis for TCM treatment of osteoporosis . Patients were collected from August 2010 to April 2011 at the Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine . The assay of BMD was performed with the U . S . HOLOGIC dual-energy radia-tion . The BMD was measured and recorded in the form . All data were collected into the computer using Epi-Data3 . 02 software . Then , the data was analyzed by the SPSS15 . 0 statistical software . The results showed that through the Mann-Whitney U test , the BMD of patients with kidney-deficiency syndrome was worse compared to patients without kidney-deficiency syndrome ( P < 0 . 01 ); the BMD of patients with q i-deficiency syndrome was worse compared to patients without q i-deficiency syndrome ( P < 0 . 01 ); the BMD of patients with blood-stasis syndrome was worse compared to patients without blood-stasis syndrome ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It showed that the BMD of patients with kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis was worse compared to patients with-out syndrome of kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis . Under a variety of evidence-based BMD distribution , the chi-square test showed that there was significant difference ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It showed that differ-ent BMD had different TCM syndrome distributions . Among normal BMD cases , distributions of syndrome with-out kidney-deficiency, qi-deficiency and blood-stasis occupied the largest proportion. Among osteoporosis cas-es , the distribution of syndrome of kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis occupied the largest pro-portion . It was concluded that the syndrome of kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis maybe impor-tant factors to influence BMD . It may also be the risk factor of osteoporosis complication . The BMD are relat-ed to the syndrome of kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis and their combinations . Among bone mass reduction and osteoporosis cases , the proportion of combination of two or three types of syndromes was more than single one syndrome . It suggested that the combination of kidney-deficiency , q i-deficiency and blood-stasis had more influence on BMD .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the correlation between the degree of cervical spinal cord compression and gender, age, height of intervertebral space and the abnormality curvature of cervical vertebrae. The multivariable linear regression was used to build the prediction model of cervical spinal cord compression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients with cervical spondylosis were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of spinal cord compression. To measure the sagittal diameter of spinal cord (a) and medulla-pons junction (M) in MRI individually, and then calculate the ratio of a/M; according to the ratio to evaluate the degree of cervical spinal cord compression. In X-ray films to measure the height and angle of intervertebral space, curvature of cervical vertebrae (according to Borden's method and double line method of C2-7 Cobb angle to abtain data of curvature of cervical vertebrae). To performe linear regression and multiple linear regression to analyze the correlation above the data and build the prediction model of cervical spinal cord compression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) With the exacerbation of cervical spinal cord compression, all measured data gradually decreased; there was significant difference in the anterior height and angle of intervertebral space, the ratio of a/M between any two groups (P < 0.05). (2) The ratio of a/M showed positive corrrelation with the anterior height of intervertebral space (R = 0.296, P < 0.001) and the curvature of cervical vertebrae (are to chord distance, R = 0.241, P < 0.001), but showed negative corrrelation with the proportion of cervical spinal cord compression (R = -0.821, P < 0.001); Borden's method are to chord distance) showed positive correlation with the double line method of C2-7 Cobb angle (R = 0.840, P < 0.001). The predictive equation of the ratio of a/M by multiple linear regression was obtained, and the F = 8.959, R = 0.434, P < 0.001, in which the age, the anterior height of intervertebral space and the curvature of cervical vertebrae were risk factors of cervical spinal cord compression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ratio of a/M can be a standard to evaluate degree of cervical spinal cord compression; the changes of the height of intervertebral disc, curvature of cervical vertebrae in X-ray films maybe have values to predict the degree of cervical spinal cord compression.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cervical Vertebrae , Pathology , Intervertebral Disc , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spinal Cord Compression , Pathology , Spondylosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation on the migration of asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell (ASMCs) induced by airway epithelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary ASMCs were cultured by the method of cell digestion. Cell culture supernatant of RTE cells were collected by TNF-alpha stimulation of epithelial cells. Detected the IL-8 and RANTES levels in the supernatant. The transmembrane migration of asthmatic ASMCs were detected by Modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber. The effect of TLR4 on the migration of asthmatic ASMCs induced by epithelial cells with TLR4 antibody drugs as a tool.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-8 and RANTES in the supernatant of TNF-alpha groups were significantly increased, and that in the 20 ng/ml group was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.01). The transmembrane migration of asthmatic ASMCs groups was increased than that of control group. The transmembrane migration of asthmatic ASMCs from asthma group and TNF-alpha + TLR4 antibody group was significantly decreased compared with that in TNF-alpha group (P < 0.01). The migration of asthma ASMCs from TNF-alpha + TLR4 antibody group was increased than that of asthma group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR4 in the surface of asthmatic ASMCs may be activated by cytokines secreted by the airway epithelial cells and enhance the transmembrane migration of asthmatic ASMCs induced by airway epithelial cells so that it plays a role in airway remodeling of asthma.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Asthma , Metabolism , Cell Movement , Cells, Cultured , Chemokine CCL5 , Metabolism , Epithelial Cells , Metabolism , Interleukin-8 , Metabolism , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the permeability of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TDI-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA) conjugate was prepared using a modified Son's method. MTT assay was used to assess HBE cell viability after exposure to different concentrations of TDI-HSA. The level of intracellular ROS of HBE cells was detected by flow cytometry with an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) uploading, and the permeability of cell monolayer was assessed by detecting the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The exposure to 120 µg/ml TDI-HSA did not obviously affect the cell viability. Compared with the control group, the intracellular fluorescent intensity increased significantly in the cells exposed to 20, 60, and 100 µg/ml TDI-HSA (P<0.05). The intracellular ROS production increased significantly after 100 µg/ml TDI-HSA treatment (P<0.05), but the increment in ROS production was significantly suppressed by pretreatment of the cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (P<0.05), which also enhanced the TEER decreased by TDI-HSA treatment (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TDI enhances the permeability of HBE cell monolayer partially through a ROS-mediated pathway, suggesting the importance of oxidative stress in TDI-induced pulmonary diseases.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchi , Cell Biology , Cell Line , Cell Membrane Permeability , Epithelial Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen Species , Metabolism , Serum Albumin , Pharmacology , Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of Toll like receptor 4(TLR4) in the asthmatic rat airway smooth muscle cell (ASMCs) proliferation and apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Established rat model of asthma,isolated and cultured rat ASMCs in asthma, using methods of small molecule RNA interference technology and lipofection method, for small molecule RNA-TLR4 transfection, detected proliferation of ASMCs by MIT minim colorimetry, apoptosis of ASMCs by TUNNEL, the expression of TLR4 protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR in cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of ASMCs in TNF-alpha group were significantly higher than that in control group and siRNA-TLR4 transfection group and TNF-alpha + siRNA-TLR4 transfection group respectively and the proliferation of ASMCs in siRNA-TLR4 transfction group was lower than that in control group. The apoptosis rate of ASMCs in TNF-alpha group was lower than that in control group, siRNA-TLR4 transfection group and TNF-alpha + siRNA-TLR4 transfection group respectively and the apoptosis rate of ASMCs in siRNA-TLR4 transfection group and TNF-alpha + siRNA-TLR4 transfection group were significantly higher than those in control group. The mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 in control group and TNF-alpha group were significantly higher than those in siRNA-TLR4 transfection group and TNF-alpha + siRNA-TLR4 transfection group. The mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 in TNF-alpha group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Activation of TLR4 may contribute to asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and play an important role in airway remodeling in asthma.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Airway Remodeling , Apoptosis , Asthma , Pathology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Genetics , Metabolism , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play both physiological and pathophysiological roles. Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated genes expression and coordinates induction of chemoprotective proteins in response to physical and chemical stresses. The exact role of Nrf2 in cellular responses to different levels of oxidative stresses remains unknown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were cultured and treated with 0 mmol/L, 0.125 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, 1.0 mmol/L and 2.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide solution for 2 hours. Nrf2 gene expression was assayed by reverse transcription-PCR, Nrf2-ARE binding activity was assayed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and localization of Nrf2 was detected with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Low and moderate (0.125 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L and 0.5 mmol/L) doses hydrogen peroxide exposure of rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells led to the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, increased activity of transcription regulation and up-regulation of ARE-medicated gene expression. In contrast, high doses of hydrogen peroxide (1 mmol/L, 2 mmol/L) exposure of the cells led to the nuclear exclusion of Nrf2, decreased activity transcription regulation and down-regulation of ARE-mediated gene expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low and moderate doses of hydrogen peroxide play protective roles by increasing transcription activity of Nrf2, whereas high- dose hydrogen peroxide plays a deleterious role by decreasing transcription activity of Nrf2.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Apoptosis , Cells, Cultured , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay , Gene Expression , Hydrogen Peroxide , Pharmacology , Immunohistochemistry , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of triptolide on airway remodeling and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB, Bcl-2 in asthmatic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): (1) Control group; (2) Asthmatic 4 week group; (3) Asthmatic 6 week group; (4) Therapeutic 4 week group; (5) Therapeutic 6 week group. The airway resistance and eosinophilic inflammation of airway wall were observed. The airway wall thickness (WA/Pi), the bronchial smooth muscle thickness (smooth muscle area/Pi) and the number of bronchial smooth muscle nucleus (N/Pi) were measured by image analysis system. The expression of PCNA, nuclear factor-kappaB and Bcl-2 protein were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The expression of NF-kappaB protein in asthmatic 4 week group and asthmatic 6 week group was significantly higher than that in control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned parameters of therapeutic 6 week group were significantly lower than those of asthmatic 4 week group, asthmatic 6 week group and therapeutic 4 week group, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 P < 0.05). (2) The expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA of asthmatic 4 week group and asthmatic 6 week group were significantly higher than those in control group respectively (P < 0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 protein of therapeutic 6 week group was significantly lower than those of asthmatic 4 week group, asthmatic 6 week group and therapeutic 4 week group respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), but the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was significantly higher than the above-mentioned groups respectively (P < 0.01), the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA of therapeutic 6 week group were higher than control group respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) The expression of PCNA protein of asthmatic 4 week group and asthmatic 6 week group were significantly higher than those of control group respectively (P < 0.01). (4) The WA/ Pi, the smooth muscle area/Pi and the N/Pi of asthmatic 4 week group and asthmatic 6 week group were significantly higher than those of control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned parameters of therapeutic 6 week group were significantly lower than those of asthmatic 4 week group, asthmatic 6 week group and therapeutic 4 week group, respectively (P < 0.01). (5) The airway resistance of asthmatic 4 week group and asthmatic 6 week group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned parameters of therapeutic 6 week group were significantly lower than those of asthmatic 4 week group, asthmatic 6 week group and therapeutic 4 week group, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proliferation of airway smooth muscle(ASM) is related with apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma. NF-kappaB may be involved in the process. Triptolide may prevent apoptosis of ASMCs and decrease the proliferation of ASM by inhibiting the expression of NF-kappaB, Bcl-2.</p>